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The picture shows that in Pujiang County, Zhejiang Province, the traffic police inspected the electric bicycle registration service station and sales outlets for quality and safety risks in Xianhua Street. |
In recent years, the number of electric bicycles in my country has grown rapidly and currently reaches 350 million. While it facilitates people's travel, it also brings some safety concerns. Fire accidents caused by electric bicycles entering buildings and homes and illegal charging occur frequently, seriously endangering people's lives and property.
Focusing on the safety management of electric bicycles, various regions and departments have taken active actions to launch a new round of centralized inspections, analyze the crux of the problem, and explore management plans. How to solve the problem of electric bicycle management and make it safer and more convenient for people to use electric bicycles? The reporter conducted the interview.
Empowering technology, multiple measures are taken to prevent electric bicycles from entering buildings and homes for charging
“Dangerous electricity consumption was detected in a certain circuit on a certain floor of a certain building.” One night in March this year, a message popped up on Liu Jian, the security team leader of Quxi Xincun Community in Huangpu District, Shanghai, on his mobile phone. Liu Jian rushed to the scene, knocked on the door, and found that the resident was charging the electric bicycle battery indoors.
“This is very dangerous, please pull out the plug quickly.” Liu Jian elaborated on the safety concerns to the residents. This community is an old community built in the 1960s and 1970s. More than 1,700 residents have more than 630 electric bicycles. In the past, we mainly relied on daily inspections of the property to prevent electric bicycles from entering buildings and homes. In February this year, the electricity meters in residents’ homes were connected to the “electricity safety alarm system.” When the electrical equipment is in use, the system monitors the waveform spectrum of the electricity load. , harmonic phase combined analysis to determine whether the electrical load is an electric bicycle, and issue a timely warning.
“After receiving the information prompt, we will come to stop illegal charging behavior as soon as possible.” Liu Jian said that after repeated testing, the system's identification accuracy is very high, and it has successfully dealt with more than 80 indoor charging behaviors in one month.
“Electric vehicles are not allowed to enter! Electric vehicles are not allowed to enter!” In Building 1 of the Leading Garden Community, Yizhou District, Hami City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, the elevator recognized that an electric bicycle had entered, immediately sounded an alarm, and “refused” to close the door.
“This is the electric bicycle home entry warning system we developed. The pilot will start in 2021, and it has been applied at 48 points across the city.” Mou Jiangang, leader of the Hami Fire Brigade, said that the system combines smart cameras, algorithm recognition and ladder control devices Connected, in addition to issuing voice prompts, the on-duty personnel of the community property company will also be notified simultaneously, prompting the staff to go to the scene for disposal as soon as possible.
There are hundreds of electric bicycles in the Leading Garden Community. Zhou Xiaoxia, deputy general manager of property management, said: “When the system was first installed, the alarm rate was very high. There were three or four times a day. Now there are only a few cases a month.”
In recent years, various localities have implemented classified policies and refined management to explore ways to manage electric bicycles. Beijing took the lead in the country in establishing a comprehensive supervision mechanism for the entire chain of electric bicycles; Sichuan Province built an electric bicycle AI safety management demonstration community to achieve 24-hour intelligent monitoring; Shanxi Province strengthened inspections of shared bicycle centralized charging areas, battery storage areas and other places; Guangdong Province conducts fire safety promotion “into the community” activity…
The relevant person in charge of the National Fire and Rescue Bureau said that the grassroots end-level supervision of electric bicycles is difficult, and it is necessary to further enhance the safety awareness of the whole people. The National Fire and Rescue Bureau will take various forms to popularize fire safety knowledge such as standard parking of electric bicycles, safe charging, escape and self-rescue to the public. At the same time, we educate and guide the public not to purchase or use products that have not been certified by 3C, not to modify original car batteries without authorization, and to consciously resist entering buildings and homes for charging.
Combined with congestion relief, electric bicycle charging is convenient and beneficial to the people
The issue of safety in the use of electric bicycles involves all levels of urban governance. With the rapid growth of electric bicycle ownership, a large number of electric bicycles need to be stored and charged every day, which poses new challenges and requirements for urban management.
A few days ago, a reporter randomly visited the downstairs of a high-rise residential building in Chaoyang District, Beijing. Mr. Li, a resident, pointed to the electric carport and told the reporter that the charging peak is at 8 and 9 o'clock every night. There are more than 200 households in this building alone. , the total number of electric bicycles is nearly 30, but there are only 5 charging piles in the entire community.
The phenomenon of “demand exceeding supply” of charging piles is not an isolated case. Yang Xinmiao, deputy director of the Institute of Transportation Research at Tsinghua University, said that in the face of the growing demand for electric bicycle charging, various departments should cooperate with multiple parties to promote the installation of charging carports in communities and the construction of charging stations on the street. Some public areas can also be prioritized for use. Solve the charging problem of electric bicycles and continuously improve the charging infrastructure.
With enough charging equipment, can electric bicycles be prevented from entering buildings and homes? Reporters interviewed found that the charges for electric bicycle charging piles in some places are expensive and opaque, which is one of the reasons why some residents are unwilling to use public charging piles. In a small community in a certain place, the first-tier residential electricity price is about 0.7 yuan/kWh, while outdoor public charging piles use commercial electricity. In addition, the property and charging pile operators charge additional management service fees, which translates into a usage cost of 2 yuan/kWh. Spend.
A charging pile operator told reporters that the facility construction, maintenance, and daily maintenance of charging piles require long-term and continuous investment, so the cost will be recovered by charging service fees.
Experts suggest that relevant departments should comprehensively evaluate and formulate unified charging standards or stipulate price ranges to benefit the people. Taking Dashilan Street, Xicheng District, Beicheng City as an example, the street will bear the cost of charging facility construction. Charges for charging cabinets and charging piles in the area are separated from price and fee. According to civil electricity standards, the charge is about 0.5 yuan/kWh, and the service fee is 0.2 yuan/kWh. , while clearly marking the price, residents can get the greatest discount on charging prices. “The street also drew a distribution map of charging facilities for us. We can see where the charging piles are at a glance, and we never have to worry about charging again,” said resident Uncle Wang.
While adding facilities and standardizing fees, how to “block” the risk points of safety concerns is also the key to solving the problem.
“Lithium batteries have high energy density and long life. If they encounter short circuit, overcharge, over-discharge, etc., there is a risk of thermal runaway and fire.” said Shi Xunxian, director of the Industrial Safety Research Institute of the China Academy of Work Safety, The most common thing for electric bicycles is “overcharging”, which will increase the internal temperature and pressure of the battery, causing deformation, leakage, and increasing the risk of fire and explosion. “In an indoor environment where people are densely populated and there are many combustibles, electric vehicles and batteries must be strictly prohibited from entering buildings and homes. This is an effective way to reduce fire risks under existing conditions.”
Shi Xun first introduced that there are many factors that can easily lead to accidents, such as the lithium battery production process of some electric bicycles is not up to standard, owners have modified them privately for longer battery life and faster driving speed, and the batteries have bulging but are not replaced in time, etc.
“From the analysis of 26 fire accidents involving electric bicycles with fatalities in the past three years, there were 13 cases of illegal use of modified batteries and battery assembly, accounting for 50%.” The relevant person in charge of the National Fire and Rescue Bureau said that improving electric bicycles To improve the intrinsic safety level of bicycles, we must improve the quality standards of core components and ensure quality control from the source of production.
Treat both the symptoms and root causes and jointly build a life safety “firewall”
Experts said that the safety management and control chain of electric bicycles is long and involves multiple departments. In recent years, various regions and departments have taken multiple measures to form a joint force to jointly build a “firewall” for people's life safety.
On the one hand, regulations and standards are constantly improving and improving.
In August 2021, the “Fire Safety Management Regulations for High-Rise Civil Buildings” was officially implemented, which for the first time clarified the legal liability for illegal parking and charging of electric bicycles in the form of legislation, and encouraged the establishment of centralized storage and charging places in communities.
In August 2022, the State Council Safety Committee formulated and issued the “Key Tasks and Division of Work Plan for Strengthening the Safety Supervision of the Whole Chain of Electric Bicycles”, which clearly stated that it is necessary to strengthen the investigation and punishment of illegal parking and charging of electric bicycles.
Recently, three departments including the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology jointly issued the “Electric Bicycle Industry Standard Conditions”, proposing that electric bicycle batteries produced or purchased by enterprises should be coded and labeled in accordance with standards to promote battery information traceability management. At the same time, companies are required to strengthen dealer management and urge dealers to resist illegal tampering such as increasing battery voltage capacity and lifting speed limits.
On the other hand, investigation and rectification continue to be in-depth and practical.
The market supervision department has stepped up inspections of operating branches and repair shops, and severely cracked down on “black workshops” that engage in modification and secondary assembly processing. In response to the fire accident involving the deceased caused by electric bicycles and batteries, traceability investigations will be carried out around production, sales, modification, parking, charging and other links to investigate the cause of the accident and safety responsibilities, and hold relevant business units and individuals accountable in accordance with the law.
The National Fire and Rescue Bureau continues to conduct special management of electric bicycles, and strictly investigates and punishes illegal activities and violations such as electric bicycles entering buildings and homes, flying wires for charging, and occupying and blocking evacuation passages and safety exits. It is clear that electric bicycle storage and charging places should be set up independently and in conjunction with Maintain a safe distance from high-rise buildings.
At the same time, fire-fighting and rescue capabilities have also been greatly improved.
In view of the characteristics of electric bicycle lithium-ion batteries that release large amounts of energy, heat up quickly, and have high smoke toxicity, the National Fire and Rescue Bureau has guided fire rescue teams in various regions to continuously deepen research on targeted techniques and tactics for electric bicycle fire fighting such as cooling, fire control, and isolation. Strengthen equipment and improve preparation plans so that fires can be extinguished promptly and efficiently when fires occur.
“Only by treating both the symptoms and the root causes can we truly solve the problem of charging electric bicycles.” The relevant person in charge of the National Fire and Rescue Bureau said that while “preventing the use of electric bicycles”, we must continue to improve infrastructure construction so that residents can have the convenience of “not having to use the electric bicycles.”
It is understood that the National Fire and Rescue Bureau will work with the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development to jointly promote the construction of centralized parking and charging sites for electric bicycles, configure risk-controllable smart charging facilities, and achieve real-time monitoring of charging, full-fill reminders, and automatic power-off. Encourage the installation of fire alarms, monitoring and early warning and other smart technical prevention facilities in electric bicycle parking and charging places to provide residents with centralized parking, centralized charging, and centralized management of electric bicycles.
Experts said that improving the management of the entire chain of electric bicycles is not something that can be accomplished in a day. It is necessary to tighten the string of safety with the spirit of “always having peace of mind”, multi-faceted governance, long-term success, and jointly promote the safe and convenient use of electric bicycles.
“People's Daily” (Page 9, May 10, 2024)
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